Leslie Pratch climate and atmospheric conditions By Yachika Verma

What is Climate Change? Climate change refers to change in the climate and atmospheric conditions of a particular region or area. This change in climate can be because of uncontrollable changes in or around earth or can be caused by human activities. With recent rise in the temperature of earth’s surface due to global warming, it is correct to state that one of the byproducts of Warming is Climate Change.

There is no denial to the fact that the climate of earth all across is changing every day. This is the consequence of continuous warming up of earth and atmosphere around it. The main reason is excess of carbon dioxide and gases like methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases and are the reason for rising green house effect on earth. These gases have the capability to trap the heat and not allow heat to go outside the earth’s atmosphere. Hence, they result in more warming.

Global Warming is increasing day by day because of lot of natural and manmade circumstances. With so much of pollution and deforestation all across the globe, It is rapidly increasing. With more and more release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere around earth, the temperature is also rising. Is it alarming? Well, the answer is yes.

Let us face it that climate change can be life threatening if earth is not able to adjust to it. Due to deforestation, a lot of species of plants, birds and animals are becoming extinct. Due to water pollution, a lot of water species are vanishing. With so much of imbalance in natural activities around, it is impossible to avoid climate change. Plants and trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere; make the air pure for us to breathe. However, we are only cutting them down. We should also grow trees and plants to ensure that the damage done by cutting down the trees is taken care of.

Glaciers are melting due to It and its effect of climate change. With global warming glaciers, lot of places all across the world can get merged under water. We cannot deny the fact that with melting glaciers, the sea levels will also rise. Natural calamities are hints which are given to mankind to beware them of the worst. Are we ready to face this? Well, we are still wondering how to control Global Warming. Global climate change is a threat to all. Countries are trying to invent ways to control it so that we can be healthy and alive in future.

Leslie Pratch
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Leslie Pratch Greenhouse Gases By Stephen P Latham

History and Motivations:

It has long been known that greenhouse gases contribute to global warming. In 1827, Jean-Baptiste Fourier suggested that greenhouse gases kept the earth warmer, whilst in 1938 an Engineer, Guy Stewart Callendar predicted that doubling the concentration of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning would lead to a global increase of 2 °C, with the poles warming more. This was a remarkable prediction, since it is exactly on course to what we observe today! Calendar’s predictions were later confirmed by several independent but more detailed studies in the 1970s, including one by an elite group of ex-military physicist’s dubbed the ‘Jason’s’. By the 1990s professional climate scientists armed with an extensive range of measurements and calculations had removed all reasonable doubt that human activity was causing global warming. Even scientists in the oil industry agreed with them.

So only as the evidence became undeniable did the fossil fuel businesses realise they might have confront the growing political pressure to reduce global warming. As a consequence, they employed a host of public relations experts, many who had successfully delayed regulations against the tobacco sector, to weave a web of misinformation using a variety of unscrupulous media and various ‘junk science’ websites. Their methods were not based on physical science but psychology by targeting uneducated and scientifically illiterate people using tried and tested methods of persuasion. This included peer pressure, misrepresentation, over-simplistic arguments, reiteration of falsehoods, attacks on individuals and groups, and claimed threats on personal liberty and wealth.

The main object was not to win, but provide the impression of an informed ‘debate’ and to cast ’sufficient doubt’ on climate science by spreading confusion and uncertainty. This would allow these businesses to fight a delaying action to avoid regulation, and thereby impose an enormous cost to future society. This highly co-ordinated campaign has lately been supplemented by attacks on the climate scientists themselves using misleading cherry picked extracts from stolen Emails attempting to implicate them in fraud. Yet what a close examination of these documents reveal is a genuine but frustrated profession who are constantly being misquoted, misrepresented and attacked by media savvy and politically motivated groups.

Whilst more than 97% of scientists who are active publishers in the field of climate change accept the reality of AGW (anthropogenic or human induced global warming), a very small number of climate scientists and non-specialists lured by money from the fossil fuel lobby were successfully recruited into the Climate Denial camp. Their names often appear in petitions, mixed with fake identities and even the decreased, to make it appear as if there is a substantial proportion of scientists which oppose the AGW consensus.

The Scientific Reality:

A large number of studies using a variety of direct and proxy measurements of historical temperature and greenhouse gas concentrations further support AGW. Combining these tell us that the present world climate has probably never been warmer over the last one to two thousand years than at present and possibly for as long as 100,000 years. More importantly it shows that there has been an unprecedented warming over the last hundred years and in particular the last thirty. The probability that this change has occurred naturally just as we have released vast quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is very unlikely even if we ignore the more direct evidence from satellites and calculations. As all other reasonable influences have been extensively studied and discounted, we can be assured beyond reasonable doubt that the current bout of global warming is mainly caused by the release of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel burning.

However, greenhouse gases are not the only influence on temperature, there are other man made and natural causes at work, some which cause cooling as well as heating, and to determine the precise effect of each, these need be isolated. To do this requires the use of more detailed models that have been produced compared and scrutinised by some of the world’s finest climate scientists.

Climate models combine all this data together and confirm the common sense notion based on temperature trends and satellite measurements that greenhouse gases are mainly responsible for the current surge in global warming and will continue to cause substantial further increases unless they are substantially reduced. However, although the basics behind global warming are firmly established and is well supported by observations, science of this type always throws up odd anomalies. This provides opportunities for Deniers to misrepresent and undermine the conclusions reached by the substantial majority of scientists on what must be the most studied and scrutinised phenomenon in mankind’s history.

The Implications:

In addition to the reduction in sea ice area in recent years there has been substantial thinning of the ice, and there was probably less volume of ice in September 2009 than in any previous year in recorded history. In fact the Arctic sea ice is on course for disappearing completely within a few decades during the summer months.

Be aware that the information from the Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will usually be out of date by the time it is published, and it is always conservatively written due to political pressure. In the last report they had to tone down statements about climate feedback effects that should have been emphasised. This is itself worrying since the worst case scenarios are by far the most costly and disruptive and should be entered into the overall cost benefit equation. It is akin to your insurance company not allowing for the possibility of your house burning down because it is unlikely to happen! No wonder the IPCC have been accused of corruption for not being alarmist enough! It seems they are stuck between a ‘Rock and Hard Place’.

The US military provide a useful independent view on global warming and are far less reticent about these issues. In their report ‘National Security and the threat of Climate Change’, they include a section on ‘abrupt climate change’ not addressed by the IPCC scenarios which include the possibility of the rapid increase of sea level due to the break-up of glaciers caused by these feedback effects.

Based on all this evidence, one might think any Climate Denier would have to be very sure before challenging the established view, yet they resort to a variety of unscrupulous techniques ranging from distortion to outright lies. This demonstrates either their naivety or callousness of their ideology.

Unless rapid action is taken to circumvent the onset of irreversible warming it will be impossible to stop the large-scale loss of habitat and large-scale land loss resulting in human migration, substantial economic cost and political turmoil in the long term. In view of the need to find alternative energy sources as well, the argument for concerted action to prevent global warming is indisputable.

Leslie Pratch
Leslie Pratch
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Leslie Pratch

ReputationProfessor.Com Climate Change By: shagufta

Now-a-days we listen Climate Change more often than before. Climate change is a global phenomenon and the term “Climate Change” is indeed a straightforward expression for such a complex subject. In fact, climate change has more than we can comprehend from this phrase and that is why it is quite essential to go at defining climate change in today’s scenario. In the present glossary of researchers and scientists, climate modification as a term is no longer in use and effect. The reason behind this is that we have come to realize the effect of the changes we make to our environment will eventually increase the temperature in many parts of the world, but at the same time will also be decrease in temperature for few parts of the planet. This however, creates a general imbalance in the climate of the world which in turn leads us to the phrase, “Climate Change.”

While wondering the effects of the climate change, the things you know of as climate modification is actually referred to as global a global phenomenon of climate change. However, with all the details and statistics we have in hand at present, we can definitely conclude that the world is unquestionably warming with the temperatures rising like never before. Climate change is a global problem with many natural disasters started taking shape; the general awareness of this factor is really low. For the better understanding of the issues associated with the climate change, we require a simple definition for climate change in relation to the warming of the planet. And this definition needs to be the one that brings us the essence of this problem without compromising the simplicities. However, the easiest and most precise definition is that climate change is the effect greenhouse gases have on the earth’s overall climate. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and methane, but are not limited to these two.

While learning more about climate change, we need to understand few important facts associated with it. The first fact is that climate change is both a natural phenomena and one catalyzed by us. For instance, greenhouse gases are a natural part of the biosphere and would exist if man did not. In fact, these gases are a vital component to the existence of life on this planet. It is due to the existence of the greenhouse gases, the temperature on planet earth does not average zero degrees! These naturally occurring gases help to keep the temperature at a desirable 59 degrees. But, the climate change, which is due to the greenhouse gases, is not indeed natural. In fact, the problem we are facing is the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases act as thermal blankets for the atmosphere. The more gas in the atmosphere, the thicker the blanket and the less heat escapes from earth. In the last 80years, we have been releasing this gases into our atmosphere and thus helping them to form a blanket

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5 ReputationProfessor.Com Questions By: Chris Robertson

With an Academy Award for “An Inconvenient Truth” and a Nobel Peace Prize, Al Gore is arguably the most public face associated with environmental issues today. Yet with all of the discussion surrounding climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases, renewable energy, and fuel conservation, many people don’t understand the basics. These and other catchphrases are often used as shorthand when discussing the results of scientific studies, but those studies are frequently written in such a scholarly way that they’re inaccessible to the average person. Here, then, are answers to five common questions about environmental issues.

1. Isn’t global warming just a theory?

Global warming is a theory, but that doesn’t mean it’s not real. Theories are the basis of all scientific work, whether that work is in medicine, astrophysics, or climate change. The evidence scientists have collected thus far indicates that ice caps are melting at an unprecedented rate, weather patterns are changing, and that sea levels are rising. However, unlike a clinical drug trial that may last for a year, after which results are reviewed and a course of action is recommended, the potential effects of global warming are so catastrophic that humanity can’t afford to wait for scientific theories to be proven correct before action is taken.

2. Don’t temperatures natural fluctuate over time?

Yes, temperatures around the earth do fluctuate, but the rate at which the earth is warming is unprecedented. Scientists have concluded that the earth is heating up more quickly than at any time within the last million years, and that greenhouse gases are the culprits.

3. What are greenhouse gases?

The earth’s atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and oxygen, as well as trace amounts of several different gases. These trace amounts of gas are called greenhouse gases because, as the earth absorbs heat during the day, the greenhouse gases trap the heat, preventing it from escaping into the atmosphere and preventing the earth from freezing at night. The problem is that, beginning with the Industrial Revolution, coal and petroleum (each of which is a fossil fuel) have been burned. Burning these fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. The excess greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere, causing them to trap in too much heat.

4. What is renewable energy?

Renewable energy is energy that comes from unlimited sources. This is in contrast to coal and petroleum, which are fossil fuels that exist in a finite amount and are therefore non-renewable. Examples of renewable energy (sometimes called alterative energy) are wind, geothermal, and solar power, as well as hydropower and biofuels. As it pertains to climate change, renewable energy is not only important because we won’t run out, but primarily because it doesn’t emit carbon dioxide.

5. I’m only one person. Will anything I do make a difference in climate change?

Absolutely! Every person who implements changes reduces his or her carbon footprint, and thus makes a difference. Taking simple actions, like replacing incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs, changing your thermostat settings, cleaning your air filters, buying energy efficient appliances, and driving a fuel-efficient vehicle can make a tremendous difference. You can also contact your elected representatives and insist that your country take action to address climate change. Finally, you can work locally, spreading the word and encouraging friends, neighbors, and family members to adopt practices that reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Your actions can ultimately help to save the earth.

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